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A dialog system or conversational agent (CA) is a computer system intended to converse with a human, with a coherent structure. Dialog systems have employed text, speech, graphics, haptics, gestures and other modes for communication on both the input and output channel. What does and does not constitute a dialog system may be debatable. The typical GUI wizard does engage in some sort of dialog, but it includes very few of the common dialog system components, and dialog state is trivial. ==Components== There are many different architectures for dialog systems. What sets of components are included in a dialog system, and how those components divide up responsibilities differs from system to system. Principal to any dialog system is the dialog manager, which is a component that manages the state of the dialog, and dialog strategy. A typical activity cycle in a dialog system contains the following phases:〔Jurafsky & Martin (2009), Speech and language processing. Pearson International Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-504196-3, Chapter 24〕 # The user speaks, and the input is converted to plain text by the system's input recognizer/decoder, which may include: # * automatic speech recognizer (ASR) # * gesture recognizer # * handwriting recognizer # The text is analyzed by a Natural language understanding unit (NLU), which may include: # * Proper Name identification # * part of speech tagging # * Syntactic/semantic parser # The semantic information is analyzed by the dialog manager, that keeps the history and state of the dialog and manages the general flow of the conversation. # Usually, the dialog manager contacts one or more task managers, that have knowledge of the specific task domain. # The dialog manager produces output using an output generator, which may include: # * natural language generator # * gesture generator # * layout engine # Finally, the output is rendered using an output renderer, which may include: # * text-to-speech engine (TTS) # * talking head # * robot or avatar Dialog systems that are based on a text-only interface (e.g. text-based chat) contain only stages 2–5. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dialog system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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